Strictly omitting generic component props 관련

Build strongly typed polymorphic components with React and TypeScript

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Learn how to build strongly typed polymorphic React components with TypeScript, using familiar Chakra UI and MUI component props as guides.

• Two potential solutions
• Removing types from React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<C>

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Build strongly typed polymorphic components with React and TypeScript

Learn how to build strongly typed polymorphic React components with TypeScript, using familiar Chakra UI and MUI component props as guides.

There’s just one thing I’m not particularly comfortable with: color turns out to also be a valid attribute for numerous HTML tags, as was the case pre-HTML5. So, if we removed color from our type definition, it’ll be accepted as any valid string.

See below:

type TextProps<C extends React.ElementType> = {
  as?: C;
  // remove color from the definition here
};

Removing The Color Type Definition

Now, if you go ahead to use Text as before, it’s equally valid:

<Text color="violet">Hello world</Text>

The only difference here is how it is typed. color is now represented by the following definition:

color?: string | undefined

The Default Color Type

Again, this is NOT a definition we wrote in our types!

This is a default HTML typing, where color is a valid attribute for most HTML elements. See this Stack Overflow question for some more context.

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Two potential solutions

Now, there are two ways to go here. The first one is to keep our initial solution, where we explicitly declared the color prop:

type TextProps<C extends React.ElementType> = {
  as?: C;
  color?: Rainbow | "black"; // 👈 look here
};

The second option arguably provides some more type safety. To achieve this, you must realize where the previous default color definition came from: the React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<C>. This is what adds other props based on what the type of as is.

So, with this information, we can explicitly remove any definition that exists in our component types from React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<C>.

This can be tough to understand before you see it in action, so let’s take it step by step.

React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<C>, as stated earlier, contains every other valid prop based on the type of as, e.g., href, color, etc., where these types have all of their own definitions, e.g., color?: string | undefined, etc.:

The ComponentPropsWithoutRef Type

It is possible that some values that exist in React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<C> also exist in our component props type definition. In our case, color exists in both!

ComponentPropsWithoutRef And TextProps

Instead of relying on our color definition to override what’s coming from React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<C>, we will explicitly remove any type that also exists in our component types definition.

Removing existing props from ComponentPropsWithoutRef

So, if any type exists in our component types definition, we will explicitly remove those types from React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<C>.

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Removing types from React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<C>

Here’s what we had before:

type Props <C extends React.ElementType> = 
React.PropsWithChildren<TextProps<C>> & 
React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<C>

Instead of having an intersection type where we add everything that comes from React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<C>, we will be more selective. We will use the Omit and keyof TypeScript utility types to perform some TypeScript magic.

Take a look:

// before 
type Props <C extends React.ElementType> = 
React.PropsWithChildren<TextProps<C>> & 
React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<C>

// after
type Props <C extends React.ElementType> = 
React.PropsWithChildren<TextProps<C>> &   
Omit<React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<C>, keyof TextProps<C>>;

This is the important bit:

Omit<React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<C>, keyof TextProps<C>>;

Omit takes in two generics. The first is an object type, and the second is a union of types you’d like to “omit” from the object type.

Here’s my favorite example. Consider a Vowel object type as follows:

type Vowels = {
  a: 'a',
  e: 'e',
  i: 'i',
  o: 'o',
  u: 'u'
}

This is an object type of key and value. Let’s say that I wanted to derive a new type from Vowels called VowelsInOhans.

Well, I do know that the name Ohans contains two vowels, o and a. Instead of manually declaring these:

type VowelsInOhans = {
  a: 'a',
  o: 'o'
}

I can go ahead to leverage Omit as follows:

type VowelsInOhans = Omit<Vowels, 'e' | 'i' | 'u'>

The VowelsInOhans Type Using Omit

Omit will “omit” the e, i and u keys from the object type Vowels.

On the other hand, TypeScript’s keyof operator works as you would imagine. Think of Object.keys in JavaScript: given an object type, keyof will return a union type of the keys of the object.

Phew! That’s a mouthful. Here’s an example:

type Vowels = {
  a: 'a',
  e: 'e',
  i: 'i',
  o: 'o',
  u: 'u'
}

type Vowel = keyof Vowels 

Now, Vowel will be a union type of the keys of Vowels, i.e.:

type Vowel = 'a' | 'e' | 'i' | 'o' | 'u'

If you put these together and take a second look at our solution, it’ll all come together nicely:

Omit<React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<C>, keyof TextProps<C>>;

keyof TextProps<C> returns a union type of the keys of our component props. This is in turn passed to Omit to omit them from React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<C>.

Sweet! 🕺

To finish, let’s go ahead and actually pass the color prop down to the rendered element:

export const Text = <C extends React.ElementType = "span">({
  as,
  color, // 👈 look here
  children,
  ...restProps
}: Props<C>) => {
  const Component = as || "span";

  // 👇 compose an inline style object
  const style = color ? { style: { color } } : {};

  // 👇 pass the inline style to the rendered element
  return (
    <Component {...restProps} {...style}>
      {children}
    </Component>
  );
};